At first glance, a poet and a puppet seem an unlikely pair. But if we take a closer look, we may find that there is, in fact, a link between them.
Sons of Florence
The first and most obvious connection is that Dante and Pinocchio were both Florentine. Dante was born in Florence and lived there until his exile in 1301. The city remained in his heart and featured in his greatest work, The Divine Comedy.
Pinocchio was also born in Florence, under the pen of Carlo Lorenzini, who wrote as Carlo Collodi. Collodi was born in Florence, but took his pen name from the Tuscan village that was his mother’s hometown.
Literary Fame
Dante’s Divine Comedy and Collodi’s Adventures of Pinocchio were both literary masterpieces that spread from Florence to find fame throughout the world. However, in addition to being important works of literature, both also had a big influence on the Italian language and the unification of Italy.
Dante Creates Italian
In the 14th century, Italy was divided into independent city states which each had their own local dialect. All literature was written in Latin, because the local languages weren’t considered sophisticated enough to express beautiful or intricate ideas. But Dante wanted to write poetry that could be understood by everyone. So he set about creating a language that he could use to do that. He started with Florentine – his local vernacular – then he added words from different dialects that were similar to it.
What he ended up with became a new literary Tuscan language called Italian. Petrarch and Boccaccio, two important Renaissance poets, followed in Dante’s footsteps and wrote in the new Italian language too. It spread through the other regions of Italy as a literary language read by the educated throughout the Italian peninsula.
Language Unites
Now let’s jump ahead about 500 hundred years. In the mid 1800s the Italian peninsula was still divided. Each region had its own ruler, and its own language. But change was coming and in 1861 the unified Kingdom of Italy was formed.
Once most of the geography was unified, the new government turned its attention to uniting the people. And a big part of that was getting them to all speak the same language – but which one? The most obvious choice for that one language was the one Dante had perfected in Florence all those years ago: It was already standardized, and educated people from most of Italy could already understand it.
Start With the Children
To teach everyone the Italian language, it made sense to start with schools and children. But there was little to no children’s literature written in Italian. Enter Carlo Lorenzini, a soldier who fought for Italian independence, and was also a writer under the name Carlo Collodi. Collodi took on the task of translating French fairy tales into Italian to help the children learn their new language.
The Story of a Puppet
After the fairy tales, Collodi decided to write a story of his own that would reinforce his idea of what all good little Italian children should be: studious, hardworking, and obedient. He began writing The Story of a Puppet which was published in installments in a weekly magazine for children. Through this story Collodi stressed the consequences of bad behavior.
The story was about a puppet called Pinocchio who was constantly getting into trouble. All his problems were caused because he wouldn’t go to school or study, and he didn’t obey his father. In the original tale, the consequences of Pinocchio’s actions are much more serious than in the Disney version: He is kidnapped, whipped, starved, stabbed, and has his feet burned off, all in the name of teaching children to become good Italian citizens.
Becoming a Real Boy
Poor little Pinocchio endured these weekly troubles for the four months that the story ran in the magazine. Then Collodi ended his tale with the disobedient Pinocchio being hung for his evil ways. (Note that Collodi didn’t have any children of his own, so we can all be thankful for that.)
However, the unhappy ending and Pinocchio’s death just weren’t acceptable to the magazine’s readers. The children wanted more, and Collodi’s publisher did too. So Collodi took his pen back in hand and the blue fairy revived Pinocchio. He went on to have many more adventures, and eventually the hapless puppet learned the lessons that Collodi had prescribed. When Pinocchio finally accepted the value of hard work, study, and obedience, he earned the right to become a real boy.
A Puppet Unites a Country
These moral lessons were passed on to all the children of the new Italy by way of Pinocchio’s story. It was the first time all Italian children were learning to read and write the same language, and The Story of a Puppet united them. But this was only possible because of the Italian language which Dante had created about 500 years earlier.
So maybe the poet and the puppet don’t make such an odd couple after all: they were both instrumental in uniting the people of Italy with one language.
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